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Data Resources

WGI Governance Index

World Bank

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries

Date coverage: 1996-2023

The six broad dimensions of governance (Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, Control of Corruption) cover all MENA countries in our analysis and are the most robust sources for our introductory broad analysis for several of the governance categories in this guide. The key feature of the methodology is it generates margins of error for each category, and this “needs to be taken into account when making comparisons across countries and over time.” 

WGI Control of Corruption

World Bank

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries

Date coverage: 1996-2023

Control of corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.

TI Corruption Perceptions Index

Transparency International

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries except Palestine

Date coverage: 2000-2023

TI’s CPI measures the perception of public-sector corruption in over 180 countries from experts and businesspeople, aggregating perceptions data from numerous primary resources. 

Corruption Risks Index of Public Integrity

ERCAS/CIPE

MENA coverage: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Qatar, and Tunisia (2015-2023). Yemen added in 2021. Saudi Arabia (2015-2020) removed in 2021 due to accusations of data manipulation.

Data Range: 2015-2023 (biennial)

The Index of Public Integrity identifies proximate measures for factors identified in research as impacting corruption risk for 114 countries for which data is available, taking into account six components divided across opportunity factors (administrative burden, trade openness, budget transparency) and contraint factors (administrative transparency, online services, budget transparency).

Bertelsmann Transformation Index

Bertelsmann Foundation

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries except Palestine

Data range: 2006-2023

The BTI Transformation Index evaluates how countries are steering social change toward a democracy, the quality of government leadership, and market economy. The BTI is broken into two indices: the Status Index and the Governance Index, which analyzing where each country stands on the path toward democracy and a market economy.

BTI Political Transformation Index

Bertelsmann Foundation

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries except Palestine

Data range: 2006-2023

BTI's state of political transformation is measured in terms of five criteria. The BTI’s concept of democracy goes beyond other definitions of democracy, which are limited primarily to basic civil rights and the conduct of free elections. “Stateness” is seen as a precondition to democracy, and it is included in the BTI’s definition of political transformation and examined through questions specifically dealing with the state’s monopoly on the use of force and basic administrative structures. 

BTI Economic Transformation Index

Bertelsmann Foundation

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries except Palestine

Data range: 2006-2023

The state of economic transformation is measured in terms of seven criteria, which are based on a total of 14 indicators. The BTI’s concept of a market economy includes not only aspects such as economic performance, regulatory or competition policy, and property rights; it also contains elements of social inclusion, such as social safety nets, equality of opportunity and sustainability.

BTI Governance Index

Bertelsmann Foundation

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries except Palestine

Data range: 2006-2023

The Governance Index comprises five criteria, which are based on a total of 20 indicators. It focuses on how effectively policymakers facilitate and steer the development and transformation processes. By examining and evaluating reform policies made by decision-makers, the BTI sheds light on those factors determining success and failure on the way to democracy and a market economy. Successful governance implies that governments are consistent in pursuing their goals and use their resources wisely and effectively.

Freedom in the World

Freedom House

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries except Palestine

Data range: 2000-2023

Freedom in the World assesses countries on each of 10 political rights indicators and 15 civil liberties indicators, which take the form of questions to country experts; a score of 0 represents the smallest degree of freedom and 4 the greatest degree of freedom. Political rights questions cover electoral process (3 questions), political pluralism and participation (4), and functioning of government (3). The civil liberties questions are grouped into four subcategories: freedom of expression and belief (4 questions), associational and organizational rights (3), rule of law (4), and personal autonomy and individual rights (4).

Global State of Democracy

IDEA

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries

Data range: 2000-2023

The Global State of Democracy Indices (GSoD Indices) measures democratic trends at the country, regional and global levels across a broad range of democratic attributes. IDEA does not provide a single index of democracy, rather, scores are generated for each of the sub-elements, which are made up of 116 total indicators.

WGI Rule of Law

World Bank

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries

Date coverage: 1996-2023

Rule of law captures perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence.

Rule of Law Index

World Justice Project

MENA coverage: All MENA Countries

Data range: 2006-2023

The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index is a quantitative assessment tool designed by the World Justice Project to offer a detailed and comprehensive picture of the extent to which countries adhere to the rule of law in practice.

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